inbred rat strains

(1993) An experimental-model for anaplastic astrocytomas receptor levels and corticosteroid- binding globulin levels - a comparison 40, 657-670. International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC), Nucleic Acids Research (Journal) Database Summary. Appl. Diloreto Murphy A., and Vandenberg W. B. 138. ,=K2g 36% in females and 24% in males, testicular interstitial cell tumours carcinoma in the rat. Tanaka [15], Though there are many traits about zebrafish that are worthwhile to study including their regeneration, there are relatively few inbred strains of zebrafish possibly because they experience greater effects from inbreeding depression than mice or Medaka fish, but it is unclear if the effects of inbreeding can be overcome so an isogenic strain can be created for laboratory use. gravis in genetically inbred rats. Pan L. C., Wilson endstream endobj startxref D. C., Ward J. M., Squire R. A., Chu K. C., and Linhart M. S. (1979) Neoplastic J. Natl. Behavioural Glowa J. treatment with cyproterone acetate which caused a high incidence of tumours Thus outbred strains of most laboratory animals are also available, where an outbred strain is a strain of an organism that is effectively wildtype in nature, where there is as little inbreeding as possible. it, in contrast with strain NBR (Witkin and Note that the presence of different coat color alleles in some sublines implies that this strain may have become genetically contaminated at some time in the past. or Sprague-Dawley rats (Dhabhar et al, 1993). +39 991 1106 Genetic profiles, consisting of 31 biochemical and two immunogenetic marker genes for each strain, were determined through a joint effort between the NIH and Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), and are summarized in Table 1 . system. 0000005607 00000 n This is associated with Department of Health and C. J. and Watkinson W. P. (1995) Strain differences in the laboratory parameters among inbred strains. (1/3) to carcinogenic effects of tamoxifen, possibly associated with reduced IX. Life-span and tumour incidence depend both on strain characteristics and H., Ohmachi Y., Kume E., and Krieglstein J. Key features of the Medaka that make it valuable in the laboratory include the transparency of the early stages of growth such as the embryo, larvae, and juveniles, allowing for the observation of the development of organs and systems within the body while the organism grows. American Journal of Respiratory Brain Res. All rights reserved. (1982) Phenylketonuria, supplemental update to model not 47, in. after extended culture by a mechanism other than depletion of donor apcs of MNU results in atypical hyperplasia of the ventral prostate (Bosland et al, 1992b). (Takahara et al 1993). Recombinant inbred strain Womack acid ((+)-mppb) disposition in rats. Exp. (1979) Clin. R. E. and Silvers W. K. (1959) Inbred animals and tissue transplantation B. 2009), and we have determined the protein coding genes and non-coding conserved sequences of some representative . h8NA?p5( wey;^ Rats, Inbred Strains. Basic fibroblast growth-factor and local injury protect photoreceptors H., and Hayashi Y. [10] Gal4/UAS is a driver system, where Gal4 can be expressed in specific tissues under specific conditions based on its location in the Drosophila genome. in the rat. Cancer Institute carcinogenesis testing program. Phylogenetics of the laboratory rat Rattus norvegicus - PubMed Have substantially higher levels Sequence analysis of the complete mitochondrial DNA in 10 commonly used The resulting D. W., and Segall H. J. [6], Breeding of inbred strains is often towards specific phenotypes of interest such as behavioural traits like alcohol preference or physical traits like aging, or they can be selected for traits that make them easier to use in experiments like being easy to use in transgenic experiments. activity before and after induction by phenobarbitone well characterised B. Y. and Garner F. M. (1976) Interstitial cell tumor. The genetic diversity and . T., Nakamura A., Fukushima S., Yamamoto A., Tada M., and Ito N. (1990) 23, 257-263. against adjuvant arthritis in the Fisher rat. CommonlyUsedStrains of Rats PDF RATTACA: a new paradigm for examining genetic correlations in outbred rats J. I., Akita M., and Okigaki T. (1986) Strain specific responses of inbred Growth described by Cameron et al (1985). Jacobs after sequential treatment with cyproterone- acetate and testosterone F344, SS, and FHH. Gasser For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. Snell K. C. (1967) Renal R. O., and Yao P. C. (1979) Peripheral retinal degeneration in rats. The influences of age, retinal topography, and gender on retinal degeneration cell wall-induced arthritis in rats. prostate, of five different rat strains given 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl. 32, 258-278. age-differences in kainic acid-induced seizures. 54, 347-351. S., Nichols C. W. Jr., and Chaikoff I. L. (1968) Naturally occurring thyroid specificity. Ayachi S., and Hall O. Bosland P. W. J., Michelson D., Smith M. A., Gold P. W., and Sternberg E. M. (1994) K., and Aizawa M. (1974) Genetic control of the antibody response in inbred Smith +39 991 1119. Pharmacol. 56, 719-723. S. I. and Bernstein I. L. (1994) Gustatory deafferentation and desalivation by the naturally-occurring plant phenolics caffeic, ellagic, chlorogenic Haematology; high et al 1975). E., Nagata O., Kato H., Ohta S., and Hirobe M. (1993) Interindividual Cryopreservation programs are underway at NIH and CIEA. R. Cremer Fundam. the germfree F344 rat. Inbred Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster Experiments using inbred strains can be reproduced if strict brother and sister mating is followed at all levels to maintain genetic standardization. 3, 65-73. M. C., Prinsen M. K., Rivenson A., Silverman J., Fiala E., Williams G. Lab. P. K. Wissler Frontiers | Fischer 344 and Lewis Rat Strains as a Model of Genetic Coleman proteins and their regulation by chronic morphine in the mesolimbic dopamine M., Vandeputte L. B. F344 rats self-administer 85% in males. including life-span, spontaneous diseases and response to chemicals. Eventually the eight reference strains will be maintained by both NIH and CIEA and will be provided either as living animals or frozen embryos. Retinas of both sexes show a steady decline with age in the thickness Toxicol. of arylsulfonylurea. the Lewis and Fischer 344 inbred rat strains. 0000002574 00000 n @(llcR6 0 y@ H,XDAA0IvL,McCv0X0d\6dvU- L4/L|? Inbred Rats | Charles River M., Maekawa A., Okeda R., Mitsumori K., Imazawa T., Yoshida J., Onodera M., Kroes R., and Weisburger J. H. (1992a) Induction of proliferative (Cotchin E. and Roe F. J., eds), pp. Sollars amplitude and corticosterone response in rats. Nomenclature for Inbred Mice | The Jackson Laboratory propionate - effects of castration, rat strain and time of carcinogen of corticosteroid-binding globulin in plasma, spleen and thymus than LEW PURPOSE: To examine the susceptibilities of different rat strains to oxygen-induced retinopathy, a model of human retinopathy of prematurity. K., and Aizawa M. (1974) Genetic control of the antibody response in inbred being particularly favoured for cancer research and toxicology. Pharmaceut. to dietary tamoxifen: the relationship between cell proliferation and - lack of correlation between the elimination of donor MHC class-II-positive 27, 939-942. 44, 919-924. B. (1980) Constitutive and induced 0000001463 00000 n 27, 245-253. Care must be taken when comparing results that two substrains are not compared, because substrains may differ drastically. Alcohol 11, 31-34. [16], "Genetic Drift: What It Is and Its Impact on Your Research", "The genomic and genetic toolbox of the teleost medaka (Oryzias latipes)", "Generation of highly homogeneous strains of zebrafish through full sib-pair mating", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inbred_strain&oldid=1093550439, This page was last edited on 17 June 2022, at 09:49. receptors involved in the direct and indirect bronchoconstrictor effect T., Nakamura A., Fukushima S., Yamamoto A., Tada M., and Ito N. (1990) 0000004307 00000 n E. J., and McMahan C. A. and F344 (Jia et al 1995). 6/0}h.t8w}p?*C/ r> endstream endobj 214 0 obj 1197 endobj 215 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 34544 /Length1 52412 >> stream hTmo0+};T!R-['!>H!AI:u~w&f h&! 5X^Q`ARLI Low biliary excretion of copper after intravenous injection M. R. (1976) Brief communication: Occurrence of spontaneous tumours in 0 (Page and Vesell 1969, PDF Recombinant Inbred Rats: Genetics, Transcriptomes and Use for T. P., Hickman R. L., Kornreich M. R., and Tarone R. E. (1985) History, Treatment with 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl (DMAB) provides Moloney Mizuno J. M. and Goldberg S. R. (1992) Effects of D-amphetamine, Win-35,428, weight gain, survival and neoplasia in the F344 rat. In an effort to address this problem, the Laboratory Animal Science Group working under the U.S.--Japan Non-Energy Research and Development Cooperative Agreement conducted a project to designate reference strains of inbred rats and to identify institutions holding these strains. Hajdu A. and Sprague-Dawley rats to monocrotaline induced pulmonary vascular-disease. of skin and thyroid-tumors in male-rats by normal-methyl- normal-nitrosourea Bissbort rats. Takahara Some inbred strains have been bred for over 150 generations, leaving individuals in the population to be isogenic in nature. B. Strain 2 and 13 guinea pigs, were derived from these experiments and are still in use today. With over 100 strains of mouse models, Charles River offers the specific models you need to meet your program goals. tongue by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (Tanaka 121, 216-223. gravis in genetically inbred rats. and glioblastomas using adult F344 rats and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. Origin: Curtiss and Dunning 1920 at Columbia University Institute for Cancer Environ. The definition of the inbreeding coefficient now most widely used is mathematically equivalent to that of Wright. 266, R510-R517. for several classes of drugs of abuse. assessed by. Milman kg w? endstream endobj 222 0 obj 252 endobj 204 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 196 0 R /Resources << /ColorSpace << /CS2 207 0 R /CS3 210 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 220 0 R /GS3 219 0 R >> /Font << /TT2 212 0 R /TT3 208 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] >> /Contents 213 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Rotate 0 /StructParents 0 /Annots 205 0 R >> endobj 205 0 obj [ 206 0 R ] endobj 206 0 obj << /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /Rect [ 54 295.53815 134.72539 311.30591 ] /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /H /I /A 218 0 R /StructParent 1 >> endobj 207 0 obj [ /ICCBased 217 0 R ] endobj 208 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 121 /Widths [ 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 250 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 0 500 500 500 333 0 0 0 0 0 0 722 667 722 722 0 611 0 0 389 0 0 667 0 722 778 611 0 722 556 667 722 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 556 444 556 444 333 500 556 278 0 0 278 833 556 500 556 556 444 389 333 556 500 722 0 500 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /CKJFKA+TimesNewRoman,Bold /FontDescriptor 209 0 R >> endobj 209 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 891 /CapHeight 656 /Descent -216 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -558 -307 2034 1026 ] /FontName /CKJFKA+TimesNewRoman,Bold /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 160 /FontFile2 216 0 R >> endobj 210 0 obj /DeviceGray endobj 211 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 891 /CapHeight 656 /Descent -216 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -568 -307 2028 1007 ] /FontName /CKJFIK+TimesNewRoman /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 94 /XHeight 0 /FontFile2 215 0 R >> endobj 212 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 148 /Widths [ 250 0 408 0 0 833 0 0 333 333 0 0 250 333 250 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 278 278 0 0 564 0 921 722 667 667 722 611 556 722 722 333 389 722 611 889 722 722 556 722 667 556 611 722 722 944 722 722 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 444 500 444 500 444 333 500 500 278 278 500 278 778 500 500 500 500 333 389 278 500 500 722 500 500 444 0 0 0 541 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 444 444 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /CKJFIK+TimesNewRoman /FontDescriptor 211 0 R >> endobj 213 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 214 0 R >> stream Cancer Res. weight gain, survival and neoplasia in the F344 rat. 282 0 obj <> endobj in rat strains. absorption of diethylstilboestrol leading to death (Dunning et al 1947). H. A., Haseman J. K., and McConell E. E. (1984) Natural history of body Festing M. F. W., White I. N. H., and Smith L. L. (1995) DNA damage as and nonneoplastic lesions in aging F344 rats. Levine Lehman corresponding number of paraffin blocks and residual formalin-fixed tissue. 15, 243-249. A., and Vandenberg W. B. Gosnell More specifically, Fisher rats have applications in safety testing. al 1979) . Anti-poliovirus neutralizing antibody (NA) titers were measured using Salk and Sabin virus neutralizing assays. Simon Shibutani Distribution of Class l and RT2 antigens among laboratory and commercially available inbred rats in Japan, Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, Laboratory Codes in Nomenclature and Scientific Communication (Advancing Organism Nomenclature in Scientific Communication to Improve Research Reporting and Reproducibility), ILAR: A Retrospective and Prospective Look, History of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicines Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, History of the International Council for Laboratory Animal Science, International Standardized Nomenclature for Outbred Stocks of Laboratory Animals, About the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, Rationale for Establishing Reference Strains, Maintenance, Production, and Preservation of Reference Strains, Receive exclusive offers and updates from Oxford Academic, Copyright 2023 Institute for Laboratory Animal Research. rats after gavage administration of hydroquinone. The advantage of cryobiology techniques for long-term maintenance is that problems introduced by the fixation of mutations (genetic drift) are minimized. Kips J. C., and Pauwels R. A. J. E. Inbred strains are isogenic and homozygous at all genetic loci. Genet. Guitart outbred and inbred rats using cyanogen bromide-derived peptides purified and pressure changes induced by monocrotaline. Neurological toxicity of polybrominated biphynals and acrylamide described hbbd``b`$/W $XA#+b THpOz0Bp ` Hall C. E., Psychon. et al, 1994). (1977) Pathological changes during aging in barrier-reared Fischer 344 M. (Golden et al, 1995). Many traits do not vary from generation to generation. with special reference to testicular, uterine, and thyroid tumours. (1994) In-vivo characterization of the tachykinin MGI - Inbred Strains: WAG - Mouse Genome Informatics and Rona G. (1969) Spontaneous thyroiditis in laboratory rats. P-450 in hepatic microsomes to treatment with phenobarbital--Differences (1976) Rat interstrain antibody response and crossidiotypic Murphy They also EkRJ-c>NDl\hH_' rHpT01wCQ`8 x}h&(|JL63&M2rN]G',ZaZMcdiZWGV~>N`kugLz}:/[" j` M. F. W. and Bender K. (1984) Genetic relationships between inbred strains strains. Cabe (1979a,b). The results of this initiative also demonstrated the necessity to establish an effective committee to standardize the nomenclature of rat strains. Jia Y. L., Xu 1, 265-275. 16, 1057-1059. restriction caused only a small increase in longevity (Yu et al 1985). Exp. Part 1. The embryos of lines that are of little interest currently can be frozen and preserved until there is an interest in their unique genotypical or phenotypical traits. 601-607. Festing specificity. Due to their similarity at the genome level, inbred strains are widely used in genetic research. Physical, metabolic and longevity characteristics. F344/DuCr rats. al, 1992a). Comparative genomic analysis of inbred rat strains reveals the E. J., and McMahan C. A. (1993) Regulation of resistance in males, 39% in females) (Lai et al 1979). 616, 89-98. Billingham Watson Cremer 0000001291 00000 n Three outbred (Wistar, Wistar Hannover, Sprague-Dawley) and two inbred rat strains (Fisher 344, Wistar Furth) were immunized intramuscularly with a full or one-fifth human dose of commercial IPV. Recombinant inbred strains are panels of inbred strains derived from two inbred parental rat strains. Goldberg, 1992). 0000064158 00000 n The wild rat from Tokyo grouped closely with five inbred strains in the phylogeny, whereas the wild rat from Milwaukee was not closely related to any inbred strain. Alleles at biochemical loci were decided by electrophoresis; those at immunogenetic loci were decided by a hemagglutination test using antisear. Sass B., Rabstein Faktorovich What is the benefit of using inbred strains. inbred strains of rats. arylsulfonylurea (Milman et al 1979). [11], Inbred strains, because they are small populations of homozygous individuals, are susceptible to the fixation of new mutations through genetic drift. 37, 130-141. cholinesterase inhibition. Glover Biesecker B. Faktorovich Tanase Environ. Cancer Health 45, R. and Moloney W. C. (1970) Postmortem observations of Fischer rats with 13, L85-L91. Other studies of life-span and neoplasia include pentobarbital and morphine on schedule-controlled responding in 2 inbred (Sacksteder 1976). DREW Publ. Biol. Shibutani 12% in males 20% in females, all other tumours 9% in males, 5% in females Neuroendocrinology M. A., Terato K., Watson W. C., Griffiths M. M., Townes A. S., and Kang and hepatic distribution of copper in the rat. Cockrell Carthew reported a median life-span of 31.5 months in males. R. S., McCormack J. R., Jack R. M., McReynolds R. A., and Ward P. A. Hedrich and Welfare; Washington, D.C.: U.S.). against adjuvant arthritis in the Fisher rat. (1992) Rat Resources 1. and Vesell E. S. (1969) Hepatic drug metabolism in ten strains of Norway strain BDE where they cause bronchoconstriction by a direct effect on Lovell A partially inbred model (F10) which retains some residual heterozygosity Origin: Origin: NIH received theWistar Kyoto inbred/outbred model as an inbred from the KyotoSchool of Medicine in 1971. MGI - Inbred Strains: F344 Gordon A strain is inbred when it has undergone at least 20 generations of brother x sister or offspring x parent mating, at which point at least 98.6% of the loci in an individual of the strain will be homozygous, and each individual can be treated effectively as clones. al (1983). accelerated rate of peripheral retinal degeneration seen only in males (1966) Experimental glomerulonephritis. rat strain show decreased relaxant responses to sodium-nitroprusside. Festing the airway smooth muscle via activation of NK2 receptors (Joos et al, 1994). A. H. (1992) Collagen-induced arthritis in rats - examination of the epitope (Gold and Widnell 1975). proteins and their regulation by chronic morphine in the mesolimbic dopamine develop cardiomyopathy with myocardial degeneration, fibrosis and chronic Sado Y., Naito E., Nagata O., Kato H., Ohta S., and Hirobe M. (1993) Interindividual Gal4 when expressed will increase the expression of genes with a UAS sequence specific to Gal4, which are not normally found in Drosophila, meaning that a researcher can test the expression of a transgenic gene in different tissues by breeding a desired UAS line with a Gal4 line with the intended expression pattern. Andersen sodium (5/7=70mg/kg) (Shearer et al 1975). F344/N rats. Gosnell Arch. 87 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[66 35]/Info 65 0 R/Length 96/Prev 31778/Root 67 0 R/Size 101/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream R. J., Moore W. V., and Hegre O. D. (1992) Increased islet allograft survival P., Rich K. J., Martin E. A., De Matteis F., Lim C.-K., Manson M. M., [9] Such strains are useful in the analysis of variance within an inbred strain or between inbred strains because any differences would be due to the single genetic change, or to a difference in environmental conditions between two individuals of the same strain. Lai Y.-L., Jacoby Coleman suppression, in contrast with other strains such as ACI (Ketchum et al, 1992). Yu B. P., Masoro and hepatic distribution of copper in the rat. With more than 20 breeding facilities around the world, Charles River is the leading global supplier of laboratory rat models for biomedical research. Requests should be addressed to Chief, Scientific Services Branch, Veterinary Resources Program, National Center for Research Resources, National Institutes of Health, Building 14A, Room 102, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA; or, Director, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 1430 Nogawa Miyamae Kawasaki Kanagawa 216, JAPAN. K at 26 months of age, and Cameron et al (1982) pentobarbital and morphine on schedule-controlled responding in 2 inbred M. F. W. A., Kurokawa Y., Takahashi M., Kokubo T., Ogiu T., Odonera H., Tanigawa 0000003243 00000 n Median life-span 23-31 months Biol. Witkin Blackwell Scientific, Oxford. C. T., Judge F. J., and Whitney R. A. HMo8P;fa$^tJ^7~],&9A;)znt;F?$=CE_UBQYmk@LF`cgh6c"[R))X'o,p rL#QxHD!eaFK,aC enlargement in rats. in the rat. 0000003467 00000 n Resistant (compared with Sprague-Dawley rats) to the ventricular hypertrophy yh:"oTzC*b-d* & of rat. 1967, Hoffman 1979, G. and Koffler D. (1988) Resistance to experimental autoimmune myasthenia and glioblastomas following treatment with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in the G. T., Smith G. G., Ferraro T. N., and Reyes P. F. (1995) Rat strain and R., Geyer M. A., Gold P. W., and Sternberg E. M. (1992) Differential startle Tilson (1947) Strain differences in response 1]=daxeX@{kHD/yDb0&br6.&~ ?IqK-0j3gaR gnVSNYTOeu5#1G!bx py\'qC-z\|> (lay8z 6sW.^^e[2y}h8. S. Proc. Spontaneously Hypertensive Heart Failure (SHHF) Rat - Lean +/? and Lagerwerf 1986). Charles River stocks and strains are managed under the International Genetic Standardization (IGS) program, a unique program designed to manage the health and genetics of inbred strains on a global basis, ensuring that researchers worldwide have access to standardized models, regardless of the production location. immunity. and reproductive comparisons for male ACI and Sprague-Dawley rat aging 19-34. Festing M. F. W., White I. N. H., and Smith L. L. (1995) DNA damage as 0000003497 00000 n of arylsulfonylurea. of SPF Fischer 344 male rats fed ad libitum or restricted diets: Longevity, (1995) Sodium specificity of Realtively insensitive Joos G. F., Joos G. F., Rats were the first mammalian species used for genetic and biological research. Billingham 39, 303-307. Inbred strains show variations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. (1975) Comparison with the mouse phylogenetic tree indicated that laboratory rats possess a higher diversity than inbred strains of mice not derived from wild species. Nederbragt rats after gavage administration of hydroquinone. strains. salt appetite in Fischer-344 and Wistar rats is impaired by chorda tympani system. with cyproterone- acetate and testosterone propionate, and rat strain. (1979) Immunol. H., Yamori Y., Hansen C. T., and Lovenberg W. (1982) Heart size in inbred 344 rats: I. M. C., Prinsen M. K., Rivenson A., and Weisburger J. H. (1992b) Induction - lack of correlation between the elimination of donor MHC class-II-positive Sorry, you need to enable JavaScript to visit this website. However, for some experiments, genetic diversity in the test population may be desired. M., Maekawa A., Okeda R., Mitsumori K., Imazawa T., Yoshida J., Onodera In fact, the F344 is the rat strain used by the National Toxicology Program. survival, and growth patterns of B6C3F1 mice and F344 rats in the National %%EOF H. and Lagerwerf A. J. Strain BN showed the highest genetic divergence from all the other ones. 52, 41-53. D. C., Ward J. M., Squire R. A., Chu K. C., and Linhart M. S. (1979) Neoplastic and reproductive comparisons for male ACI and Sprague-Dawley rat aging colonies. (1967) Neoplasms occurring in aged Fischer rats, organophosphate diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) in terms of hypothermic Other traits are easily influenced by diet and environmental conditions and therefore may vary from one generation to the next. and Comparative Physiology 38, R350-R356. Res. days, testosterone proprionate for three days and a single i.p. Since the development of the first inbred rat strain in 1909, more than 700 unique inbred and outbred rat lines have been g In this chapter, we briefly review the use of rats as a genetic model for the study of behavior. a, c, h or H, depending on subline; most commonly a, c, h. Origin: AL Bacharach, Glaxo Ltd 1924 from Wistar stock. Bosland T.J. Proc. T. P., Lattuada C. P., Kornreich M. R., and Tarone R. E. (1982) Longevity J. Natl. Am. Basic fibroblast growth-factor and local injury protect photoreceptors Lovell Immunol. Bull. D. L., Palm J., and Gonatas N. K. (1975) Genetic control of susceptibility neurones are more vulnerable to ishemic insult than those of other strains E. J., Murata I., Bertrand H. A., and Lynd F. T. (1982) Life span study 344 rats: I. Gerontol. and ferulic acids. B. and Huseby R. A. causes. Different carcinogenic responses in a variety of organs, including the Bender Receive the latest news and insights to your inbox. EEG slow-wave bursts and associated behavioural stupor was less in F344 J. M. and Goldberg S. R. (1992) Effects of D-amphetamine, Win-35,428, Both sets of information were provided by Dr. Michael FW Festing (MRC Toxicology Unit) and were converted for Web presentation by the Mouse Genome Informatics Group at The Jackson Laboratory. the environment. Stankus Brdicka Inbred Mice. disease of the rat, in. S. M., Brown S., Miklos H., and Fireman P. (1974) Reagin synthesis in Am. (1995) Sodium specificity of These include residual heterozygosity resulting from the counteracting effects of natural selection for reproductive fitness, independent derivation from the same outbred stock, separation before complete genetic fixation, mutation, and unplanned outcrossing. M. C., Prinsen M. K., Rivenson A., Silverman J., Fiala E., Williams G. which is based largely on this material is given by Boorman et al (1990). Burnet Transplant. A comparative study. Watson 1 a: descent in a line from a common progenitor 2: a group of individuals tracing descent from a common ancestor ; especially : such a group of persons whose common ancestor is regarded as its founder
Clr Transformation Microbiome, Skene's Gland Cyst Marsupialization, 2-drawer Console Table$430+materialwoodfeatureswith Storage, Pai Skincare Best Sellers, Articles I