modified mercalli intensity scale simulator

the USGA can use the Mercalli Scale of Intensity to map out ground Check out the antipode calculator to learn more! And that's it! Numerous intensity scales have been developed over In summary, the data of macroseismic intensity obtained from these 10 collected isoseismal maps have a MMI level in the range of II-IX and so cover almost all of the standard MMI levels (i.e., I-XII), to allow an investigation into the relationship between the MMI and PGA. (ed. Pairs Check/Sharing with the Community: Have students share their booklets with a partner or the person next to them. ground. injuries, houses destroyed, and houses damaged, and $ dollage damage estimates. The Modified Mercalli intensity scale (MM, MMI, or MCS), developed from Giuseppe Mercalli's Mercalli intensity scale of 1902, is a seismic intensity scale used for measuring the intensity of shaking produced by an earthquake. The magnitudes required in equation (1) and the earthquake locations for measuring the source-to-site-distances are those cited in previous reports and are detailed in Table 1. Bender, F. (1983) Geology of Burma. Kaka, S. and Atkinson, G. (2004) Relationships between instrumental intensity and ground motion parameters in eastern North America. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 24, 79-89. (Ganse, Robert A., John B. Nelson, 1981). [14]. The effect of an earthquake on the Earth's surface is called the intensity. Earth, Planets and Space, 61, 1313-1325. WebDownload scientific diagram | Simulated values of Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (MMI) and PGV. Considerable damage to specially built structures, buildings shifted off foundations. Pictures fall off walls. Solicit, integrate and summarize student responses. It also triggered numerous landslides, floods, and even volcanic eruptions. technology, engineering or math (STEM) educational standards. Earthquake Formation: Crust, Plates, Currents, Drift and Faults, Testing Model Structures: Jell-O Earthquake in the Classroom, Tsunami Attack! In the article below, you'll learn about the different measures of an earthquake: from the famous Richter scale to the currently used moment magnitude scale and Mercalli scale, which is an intensity scale describing the effects of the phenomenon. Changes in flow or temperature of springs and wells. Magnitude measures the energy released at the source of the earthquake. Hold on to your shelter with one hand until the shaking stops. An earthquake has one magnitude. Large rock masses displaced. Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, Tokyo University, Tokyo, 469-482. The magnitude does not depend on where the measurement is made. Felt by many indoors, few outdoors. Felt by everyone. The aforementioned catalog was an expansion Tremor Troop Earthquakes, Federal Emergency Management failure of the data to function on a particular system. Trees, bushes shake. from FEMA at no cost by calling 1-800-480-2520. Total damage. severe damage to poorly built structures. To this end, based on the published probabilistic seismic hazard map of the Yangon area, central Myanmar ([13], the maps were evaluated by using the strong ground-motion attenuation relationship of Boore et al. Understand how a community could use the Mercalli Scale. ", 12. Indiana University In case of the Tounggyi earthquake, the MMI is in the range of V-IX within the area covering approximately 500 km from the earthquake location [7]. See below Earthquake magnitude. the maps scale of 100 km = 2.1 cm on your ruler, so if you had a measured distance from one station of Log In or Register. Natural Science Vol.4No.8A(2012), Article ID:21664,7 pages DOI:10.4236/ns.2012.428082, Relationship between Modified Mercalli Intensity and peak ground acceleration in Myanmar, Earthquake and Tectonic Geology Research Unit (EATGRU), Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Pailoplee.S@gmail.com, Received 27 June 2012; revised 25 July 2012; accepted 11 August 2012, Keywords: Isoseismal Map; Modified Mercalli Intensity; Peak Ground Acceleration; Myanmar. Difficult to stand. Thelowernumbers of the intensity scale generally deal with the manner in which the earthquake is felt by people. As a result, five isoseismal maps were contributed and published [7,8]. From the isoseismal maps described above, the individual area of each MMI level was gridded with a spacing of 1 1 km to measure the source-to-site-distances that the seismic wave traveled and was attenuated over. Practically for each MMI level, there is more than one value or the source-to-site-distances (i.e., the MMI boundary is not a perfect circle), and consequently the average distance was used. Cairo, IL: "Most of the buildings in town suffered significant damage; several of the single-family homes were damaged when they slid off their foundations. It may be helpful to put the scale up on the board and read it aloud with the students. Earthquake Intensity Scale A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. With the use of an intensity scale, it is possible to summarize such data for an earthquake by constructing isoseismal curves, which are lines that connect points of equal intensity. Understand the difference between the Richter Scale and the Mercalli Scale for rating earthquakes (a scale that uses instruments and a scale that uses human observation, respectively). ), check out this current USGS earthquakes map. By studying the earthquakes' impacts, can students predict what the Mercalli Scale level would be for each one? Serious damage to reservoirs. Most masonry, frame structures, and their foundations destroyed. Wald, D.J., Quintoriano, V., Heaton, T.H., Kanamori, H., Scrivner, C.W. With this earthquake calculator, you can estimate the energy release of an earthquake. Feel free to visit the log calculator if you feel like you could use a refresher. Japan, however, is the country where we detect the most earthquakes (because of its dense seismic grid). Duration can be estimated. Modified Mercalli Scale Intensity - MercalliXII 3 - This is a web site through which It measures the effects of an earthquake at a given location, distinguished from the earthquake's inherent force or strength as measured by seismic magnitude scales (such as the "Mw" magnitude usually reported for an earthquake). }> Y'.a +*(Ezx.8 The Mercalli Scale was used earlier than the Richter Scale. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. WebIn the United States, we use the Modified Mercalli (MMI) Scale. Isoseismal maps of the ten earthquakes reported in Myanmar and neighboring areas during 1912-2006 AD. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Felt by very few people; barely noticeable. ", 9. Earthquakes in the Midwestern and Eastern United States?! The scale was developed at the turn of the century by the Italian volcanologist G. Mercalli, and subsequently revised by American seismologists H.O. and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), including the National Coastal Data Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 65, 139-162. Ground badly cracked. Circle skirt calculator makes sewing circle skirts a breeze. Liquids are disturbed, some spilled. The most important thing to remember is the fact that in the Richter scale, wave amplitudes are taken into account. Learn how to calculate the duty cycle of a periodic system with Omni's duty cycle calculator: insert what you know, and we'll do the math! IU. Intensity ratings are expressed as Roman numerals between I at the low end and XII at the high end. Counts toward Master of Disaster badge. Global Significant Earthquake Database. It is influenced by the amount of kinetic energy released, the Pull over, stop, and engage the handbrake. Giant Wave Characteristics and Causes, Survive That Tsunami! In case of no shelter, hold on to your head and neck with both arms and hands. difference between earthquake magnitude and Small slides and caving along. Moment magnitude, for now, is the most reliable way of presenting the relative size of an earthquake especially for large earthquakes. Wide cracks in Although in the Northern Hemisphere, antipode usually refers to Australia or New Zealand. Knoxville, TN: "Books fell off upper shelves of the school library. With respect to seismic hazards, Myanmar is one of the earthquake-prone areas in Mainland Southeast Asia. I. stream [6] and Pailoplee et al. http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/general/handouts/mercalli.html, Did You Feel It? As such, the main goals of the study are: 1) to gather the macroseismic intensity data that has been previously reported for the Myanmar region and adjacent areas; and 2) to correlate this and contribute the relationship between the felt intensity information and the engineering ground-motion parameter as the PGA. within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for This The Seismology Research Centre is a division of, Rarely felt, usually only on top floors of high buildings, Windows, dishes, doors rattle. Humans cannot eliminate the hazards but can take steps to reduce their impacts. Ground badly cracked. Common Alerting Protocol To sum up, in the moment magnitude scale, the strength of the earthquake is tied up with the seismic moment, which depends on three physical parameters rigidity, area, and slip. Waves seen on ground. The Significant Earthquake database originated from the Significant Earthquake Catalog xX\vEV^-dwO2V\0~lY0YjcP_GZs)Ehm^$YE_I WxuqU]`hN!pm\>(T[}`2_dSVt!D:,^NN`u! This offers the possibility of transforming readily observed intensity data into widely used engineering ground-motion characteristics and to rapidly assess the severity of ground shaking [1]. If there were complete symmetry about the vertical through the earthquakes focus, isoseismals would be circles with the epicentre (the point at the surface of the Earth immediately above where the earthquake originated) as the centre. of the MMI scale (i.e., felt by nearly everyone; many awakened. A significant earthquake is classified as one that meets 36 Questions from Britannicas Most Popular Science Quizzes. The database provides information Table 1. Dishes, windows, doors disturbed. WebThe database provides information on the date and time of occurrence, latitude and longitude, focal depth, magnitude, maximum MMI intensity, and socio-economic data such as the total number of casualties, injuries, houses destroyed, and fz9TqUU*W#&8| ^17'tJ@1J-aNWjz0 `&n-SK3W Iw{8 /. General panic. However, according to the limitation of the political and economic situation, seismic hazard assessment and action is seemingly not recognized within the top priorities in Myanmar. W.H. Intensity. Microearthquakes, usually not felt. WebThe one important intensity scale that does not have twelve degrees (now that the Rossi-Forel Scale is no longer much in use) is the seven-degree Japanese Meteorological Agency Scale (EMS-98), the Modified Mercalli Scale (MM or MMI) and the JMA scale, although the latter is not widely used in practice any longer to assign intensities. Paducah, KY: "A number of old brick buildings collapsed during the quake, though most of the newer buildings survived with little damage. (Ganse, Robert A., John B. Nelson, 1981). References, Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology, 4, 425-435. 438483. Wood and F. Neumann in the 1930s. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. The Modified Mercalli intensity scale ( MM, MMI, or MCS ), developed from Giuseppe Mercalli 's Mercalli intensity scale of 1902, is a seismic intensity scale used for measuring the intensity of shaking produced by an earthquake. Did you notice that 3 out of the 12 most powerful earthquakes were in Chile? Proceedings of the 5th World Conference Earthquake Engineering, Santiago, 13-18 January 1969. from 2150 BC to the present. Intensity Theodulides, N.P. Damage nearly total. Considerable damage to ordinary buildings, Earthquake Calculator. Strength Comparison Modified Mercalli Scale Engineering to Prevent Natural Disasters: Save Our City! Many poor buildings damaged, Significant damage. Students learn how engineers build shake tables that simulate the ground motions of the Earth caused by seismic waves in order to test the seismic performance of buildings. Focusing to the other region, many empirical equations have been proposed to relate the MMI with PGA (Figure 3). WebThe Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale provides scientists with a method to quantify the shaking generated by an earthquake, as experienced at any point at the earths surface. How Can I Locate the Earthquake Epicenter? Other intensity scales are used in some countries. Considerable damage to poorly built structures. For questions about the information on this page, please email: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, 4. Official websites use .gov Weak masonry destroyed; ordinary masonry heavily damaged, sometimes with complete collapse; reinforced masonry seriously damaged. It is a 12-point scale, ranging from sites that experience barely perceptible vibration (MM I) to those that experience total devastation (MM XII). From the result of this regression (Figure 2), it appears that there is a slight trend of MMI to be a linear function in relationship to the, which can represented by Equation (2) with a standard deviation of 0.33. where PGA is the peak ground acceleration (cm/s2) and MMI is the level of macroseismic intensity in terms of MMI scale. Then drop, cover, and hold on, as objects may be thrown at you from the side. There are many ways that we can rate events that occur during everyday life. Hershberger, J. Wood and Frank Neumann in 1931, in which intensity is considered to be more suitably graded. 790 E. Kirkwood Avenue May feel like heavy truck passing by. Financial support is acknowledged from the Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University through the Thai Government Stimulus Package 2 (TKK2555: PERFECTA); The National Research University Project of CHE; and the Ratchadaphiseksomphot Endowment Fund (Project Code CC508B). ", 21. a project of D2L (www.achievementstandards.org). Add categories to the /doc subpage. A new relationship between macroseismic intensity and engineering ground-motion parameter is contributed for the Myanmar region by comparing the MMI gathered from 10 isoseismal maps with the inferred PGA. The Modified Mercalli Scale measures the amount of shaking at a particular location. An important piece of information to keep in mind is that the magnitude scale is logarithmic. In other words, it is comparing amplitudes of waves on a seismogram, not the strength, or energy, of the quakes, according to USGS. Let's assume that you remember an earthquake a couple of years ago, which has a magnitude of 7.1. Felt by all; many are frightened and run outdoors. Other intensity scales are used in some countries. Kawasumi, H. (1951) Measures of earthquake danger and expectancy of maximum intensity throughout Japan as inferred from the seismic activity in historical times. Damage to masonry; partial collapse. (Grade We find out that a magnitude of 7.1 is 20 times bigger (on a seismogram, in terms of amplitudes) and ~89 times stronger (in terms of energy release) than a 5.8 magnitude. EARTHQUAKE! Part 3 Science Fest For instance, for a particular amount of shaking, unreinforced masonry (brick) buildings will experience much greater damage than wood-frame buildings in the same area. Based on the resultant MMI-PGA calibration, the obtained relationship appears as a function of. Underground pipes broken. WebThe above table shows the approximate relationship between Modified Mercalli Intensity and Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA). 135-138. Simulated values of Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (MMI) and Felt indoors. the measurement of the maximum motion recorded by a seismograph. Intensity depends, however, in a complicated way not only on ground accelerations but also on the periods and other features of seismic waves, the distance of the measuring point from the source, and the local geologic structure. Htwe, Y.M.M. Empirically, the macroseismic intensity is most frequently related to the PGA because this engineering ground-motion parameter is the most commonly correlated parameter to structural damage and it is important for seismic resistant structure design [12]. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS A Modified Mercalli Intensity of six is abbreviated as MMI 6. In some cases, instrumental data verify this calculation, but not infrequently the true epicentre lies outside the area of greatest intensity. Most of them were generated from the Sagiang Fault Zone of Myanmar, as mentioned, 1) 23rd May 1912 2) 23rd May 1912 3) 8th August 1929 4) 5th May 1930 5) 3rd December 1930 6) 4th December 1930 7) 4th December 1930 8) 21st March 1954 9) 8th October 2006 10) 12th December 2006. In final, the MMI-PGA relationship is contributed using the linear regression. the amount of movement or energy released. Maximum intensity normally occurs near the earthquake epicentre, with intensity values then decreasing with distance. Some heavy furniture moved, some plaster falls. Some dishes, windows broken. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed and Yamazaki, F. (2001) A proposal of instrumental seismic intensity scale compatible with MMI evaluated from three-component acceleration records. Neumann, F. (1954) Earthquake intensity and related ground motion. That's why you can't directly convert the Richter or Magnitude scale to the Mercalli scale although the released energy, local geology, terrain, depth of an earthquake and distance from the epicenter are all still the same. ", 18. Iowa City, IA: "Mild tremors were reported by residents of the upper floors of Camelot Apartment Village. WebThe Modified Mercalli intensity scale (MM,MMI, or MCS), developed from Giuseppe Mercalli's Mercalli intensity scale of 1902, is a seismic intensity scale used for Frankfort, KY: "Heavy furniture was moved around in some stores and homes, and some shops reported broken windows., 10. Lexington, KY: "Mama Leone's Restaurant reported that several plates and dishes fell off of their shelves and broke. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, 13, 1-147. Thus, all values of PGA in each MMI are averaged statistically. List some famous earthquakes and their Richter Scale measurements. and Worden, C.B. Few structures standing. Ground cracked noticeably. WebFirst, measure the scale on the map in Figure 13.13 in centimeters, and use that to convert your distances in kilometers to centimeters (ex. WebThe scale used in New Zealand is a twelve step ranking, hence Modified Mercalli (MM), with 1 representing the weakest of shaking, through to 12 representing almost complete destruction. %ylLo.l,2OF$ZyM37M;I!G1/iDeQzVcW8 LrX5jQgAuFov0h{5Nf~B!V*F_`xsT` >,t2}2\PP'Xs5Z:o#W'NTYkGYx+@-{$o_G+XTP7~YF0es FD LBh6_-';mZL'}A%opo &tlUW49"p@ 'V~uR731k]WAErtJ0PeQU7U'M[.mU|mj^uGi}ad>`DRBT>}^Zj# Visualization Exercise 02 - Oxford University Press A modified Mercalli intensity scale is used to quantify the earthquake's effects. If you're listening to the news about an earthquake, the measure that will be given is the magnitude the moment magnitude to be exact. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K [access date]. Gebrder Borntr- ger, Berlin. Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, 653. Like passing train, Books off shelves. Motions up to an intensity VIII+ in the MM Scale can be. You may have heard that a 5.8 earthquake hit Alaska recently. If you're interested in the latest earthquakes in your region or only the most recent earthquakes (as they are happening all the time! shaking. Significant damage was reported to tracks at the new railroad yard. may shake. Free K-12 standards-aligned STEM curriculum for educators everywhere. The European (MSK) scale of 12 grades is similar to the abridged version of the Mercalli. magnitude We thank the Publication Counseling Unit (PCU), the Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University for a critical review and improved English. By rating earthquakes, engineers can predict which quakes are going to cause the most damage and warn humans about them. Learn how the Richter scale measures magnitude and the Mercalli scale measures intensity of an earthquake. Even sports teams have different levels to make sure that teams with the same ability play each other. VI. you can report your own experiences during an earthquake, so that Some heavy furniture moved, some plaster falls. in Los Angeles. The scale now generally employed in North America is the Mercalli scale, as modified by Harry O. In this activity, students learn about the Richter Scale for measuring earthquakes and make a booklet with drawings that represent each rating of the Richter Scale. The number of earthquake recording stations is, therefore, low and as a result the earthquake impactions are usually observed in macroseismic intensity and reported manually in terms of isoseismal maps. Note: The contour lines should not go through the intensity points, but should go between intensity pointsi.e., separate areas of one intensity from another. Okamoto, S. (1973) Introduction to earthquake engineering. WebA new 3-D earthquake simulator with a vibrating platform approximately 7 by 4 meters, has recently been. Google and Damage. A good website to visit is: https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/ngdc.html. ", 8. Earthquake, 17, 711-723. Bridges destroyed. During 1929-1930 AD, there were five earthquakes within the magnitude of range 7.0 - 7.3 Richter that occurred in the Myanmar region. (1996) Geotechnical earthquake engineering. or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. Cut all necessary paper needed for the class activity. Figure 1, Table 1, Figure 1. Earth Homepage | UCMP Although it confounds many variables, Difficult to stand. The JMA (Japan Meteorological Agency) scale from 1 to 7 is used in Japan and Taiwan. Usually (but not always) the highest intensities are Steering of automobiles affected. However, today seismologists more commonly rely on what is VIII. Department of Mineral Resources (2006) Macroseismic investigation in Chiang Mai Province, Northern Thailand. on observed effects. Persons walk unsteadily. Waves seen on ground. Often, several slightly different magnitudes are reported for an earthquake. The earthquake magnitude calculator shows not only the energy but also. Global Significant Earthquake Database. ;f:3+f*yZReIxRu3V>5?}k~&K7/E*y ", 19. Part three of our introduction to seismology series is an exercise about the Modified Mercalli Intensity scale which is used by seismologists to determine the magnitude and epicenter of earthquakes of the past. A measure of earthquake intensity. A lock () or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Earthquakes aren't the only phenomena whose magnitudes are expressed using a logarithmic scale this is also the case for cyclones. destruction, designated by Roman numerals. Some walls may fall. Felt by a few people, especially on the upper floors. ", 6. amount of energy released during an earthquake. The earthquake "size" which is the energy released is. Brown, J.C. and Leicester, P. (1933) The Pyu earthquake of 3rd and 4th December, 1930 and subsequent Burma earthquakes up to January 1932. In this study, the previously reported isoseismal maps are compiled and used to carefully investigate the macroseismic intensity in terms of the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) scale, based on the engineering ground-motion parameter, as the peak ground acceleration (PGA), inferred from the ground-motion attenuation characteristic of Myanmar. Miraculously, because of the late hour, no one was hurt by the crashing tower. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K [access date], NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database, 2100 BC to Present, NCEI/WDS Global Significant Volcanic Eruptions Database, 4360 BC to Present, Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale of 1931, Cite as: National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS <> Owen Hall Check what you could have accomplished if you get out of your social media bubble. The Significant Earthquake Database is a global listing of over 5,700 earthquakes
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